The Pythagorean Theorem Essay Example for Free

The Pythagorean Theorem Essay In the world of mathematics, the Pythagorean Theorem is one of the most popular theorems and is widely applied in many problems and applications because of its basic and simple concept. It is a relation in Euclidean geometry relating the three sides of a right triangle. The theorem is named after the Greek mathematician and philosopher, Pythagoras, who lived in the 6th century B.  C.   It is one of the earliest theorems known since the ancient civilizations. The Pythagorean Theorem states that: â€Å"In any right angle triangle, the area of the square   of   the side opposite the right angle i. e. whose side is the hypotenuse   is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares of the two sides that meet at a right angle i.e. whose sides are the two legs.† In other words, â€Å"The square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides.† Consider a right triangle ∆ABC with right angle at A. BAC = 90 degrees Then, the square drawn on BC opposite the right angle is equal to the two squares together on BA and AC. Thus,   the sides of a right triangle are related by the squares drawn on them. The Pythagorean Theorem is a statement about triangles containing a right angle. It states that: The area of the square built upon the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares upon the remaining sides.          Illustratation by numbers Let the sides of the right angle triangle be 3, 4, and 5.    Then the square drawn on the side opposite the right angle is 25, which is equal to the squares on the sides that make the right angle:   9 + 16. The side opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus the theorem can be expressed as the equation: 32 + 42  Ã‚   = 52. This proves the earlier statement which is â€Å"The square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides.†    Proofs    This is a theorem that may have more known proofs than any other. Consider a right triangle with sides a, b, and c as hypotenuse.                         Let a, b, and c arrange four of those triangles to form a square whose side is a  +  b as shown above in Fig.  1. Now, the area of that square is equal to the sum of the four triangles, plus the interior square whose side is c. Two of those triangles taken together, however, are equal to a rectangle whose sides are a, b.   The area of such a rectangle is a times b:   ab.   Therefore the four triangles together are equal to two such rectangles.   Their area is 2ab. As for the square whose side is c, its area is simply c ².   Therefore, the area of the entire square is c ² + 2ab   .   .   .   .   .   .  (1) At the same time, an equal square with side a + b (Fig. 2) is made up of a square whose side is a, a square whose side is b, and two rectangles whose sides are a, b.   Therefore the area of that square is a ² + b ² + 2ab But this is equal to the square formed by the triangles, line  (1): a ² + b ² + 2ab = c ² + 2ab. Therefore, on subtracting the two rectangles 2ab from each square, we are left with a ² + b ² = c ². This is the Pythagorean Theorem Works Cited Bell, John L. The Art of the Intelligible: An Elementary Survey of Mathematics in its Conceptual Development. USA: Kluwer, 1999. Dunham, W. Euclids Proof of the Pythagorean Theorem. Journey through Genius: The Great Theorems of Mathematics. New York: Wiley, 1990. Maor, Eli. The Pythagorean Theorem: A 4,000-Year History. Princeton. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2007. Morris, Stephanie J. â€Å"The Pythagorean Theorem.† 2008. The University of Georgia Department of Mathematics Education.   1 May 2008 http://jwilson.coe.uga.edu/emt669/Student.Folders/Morris.Stephanie/EMT.669/Essay.1/Pythagorean.html. Spector, Lawrence. â€Å"The Pythagorean Thoerem.† The Math Page. 2008. 30 April 2008 http:// www.themathpage.com/aTrig/pythagorean-theorem.htm. Weisstein, Eric W. â€Å"Pythagorean Theorem.† MathWorld. 1 May 2008. Wolfram Web Resource. 3 May 2008 http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Pythagorean Theorem.html.

Illegal Street Racing Essay -- essays research papers fc

One of the fastest growing sports in the world is racing. Racing in general can consist of many different types such as: Drag Racing, NASCAR, Indy, Motor Cross, Truck Rally. The topic of racing that I am chose was street racing. Street racing originated from drag racing on the quarter-mile strip. The concept of drag racing is when two racers in different cars would line up at a white line, and in the middle of the two cars would be a light post, called the Christmas tree for its red, yellow and green bulbs. The tree does what a stoplight does, except backwards, it starts from red, then to yellow, then to green. On the quarter-mile strip, when the light hits green, the two racers are supposed to try to go as fast as they can before the end of the quarter-mile, which would then set off a electronic board showing their electronic times (E.T.) and their speeds. As the sport of street racing began to boom around the early ‘90s, people couldn’t really afford to go to a legal track and race their cars, because of the price that it cost and the rules that they had. So there was a street track that was created on Terminal Island, called the Brotherhood Raceway. The Brotherhood Raceway or Brotherhood for short was basically a quarter-mile drag strip that was put down on a closed off street, where street racers could go and find out their quarter-mile times and speeds for the price of nothing. This was a quarter-mile drag strip to keep racers off of normal streets and highways. Around time of the mid-90s, the Brotherhood was then closed down, forcing street racers to take their racing to another legalized track, or to the streets and highways. People say that street racing is bad, illegal and dangerous to everyone. There is another side which thinks that street racing is ok, and safe. All street racers know that street racing is illegal and can be dangerous, but in their minds they will think they won’t hurt people around them but accidents do happen. When it comes to racing on streets, racers an open or deserted street and line two cars up, and basically race off of the line and see who stays ahead of the other person, this set-up is basically like racing on a drag strip, just without lights and tech and safety people around. There is a person that acts like the lighting tree, who stands in the middle, and is called the â€Å"flagger.† This person puts his/her arms up, ... ...he track. That is why my opinion stands that they should re-open the Brotherhood Raceway, so racers can go and be safe while doing what they do. Street racing is a dangerous sport, but it’s a life and love that people have and are not willing to give up. I believe that as long as racers do what they can to keep street racing, that it should be legal. It all racers do their part in trying to keep it safe and not dangerous, then I think the government or city or whoever, should give street racers respect and allow them a place to have fun and do what they do best. Works Cited Atwood, Kathy. â€Å"Red Flag For The Racing Crowd.† Hearld Net. 2 January 2002. 13   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  April 2002 . Brown, John, Adam Jensen, Pat Silla, David Wong. â€Å"Streetracing: On The Inside.† 14 April   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2002   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  . Fontana, Aaron M. â€Å"The Fast and the Furious.† Entertainment Today. 10 April   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2002 .

Allowing Gays To Adopt

In most cases, the legality of adoption is based very strongly upon the principle of consent. Consent refers to the agreement by the child’s parents or the child’s guardian (the person or the agency under whose custody the child is) to accede the child for adoption and to expel the rights and duties with regard to the child. The process of consenting requires that the birth parents of the child notify a judge or court officials in writing.Alternatively, a part from the biological parents, other people issuing their consent can be the agency in charge of the child, the guardians, the court of law, or a close relative or the next friend who has already attained the legal age. In some states such as the Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia for instance, the child should issue consent when or when above 14. Sometimes this may be abnegated if the child is mentally ill. The execution of the consent normally takes 13 days while cases with the fastest ratification speed may take 12-24 hours.Heretofore, the next stage may differ since rules are state-specific. In most states, the written consent is notarized to the concerned public, while in other states; the consenting parents are taken for counseling as touching the matter. A provision for the revocation of the consent is normally very limited but in most cases, the adoption process is irrevocable. States in which there are absolutely no provision for the revocation include; Mississippi, Samoa and the Nebraska.The limited provision come in when the parents or guardians were defrauded, coerced or were under duress when issuing their consent. Some states also issue a time frame within which any case of disgruntlement can be aired by the parents. Conversely if the application to revoke the consent has been found to be in the interest of the child or if both the biological parents and the adoptive parents have reached this consensus, it will be the duty of the court of law to consider the petition.The 14th amendment of the American constitution, a post civil war judicial reconstruction, was originally intended to bolster the 13th amendment which in turn had brought slavery to a grinding halt. This amendment was to promote the rights of the former slaves. When it was proposed in the June 13, 1866, it spelt out equal protection of all by the law, birthing the â€Å"Separate but equal† doctrine. This amendment placed all persons on the same pedestal since all became under one law. It is upon this concept of equality that the marginalized groups began to come out for equal recognition.Privacy rights such as abortion, homosexuality became subject to debates. Currently perhaps the most heated form of debate is the one touching on the prospects of gay adoption (Ricketts, 1991). The laws for the best interest of the child assume that for any normal child to develop well, this should happen under the jurisdiction of the two parents. It is on this backdrop that in the best interest of the child, the law has come up with regulations which are geared towards the child’s protection for instance, in case of a divorce.By default, the law stipulates that upon divorce, both parents should have equal access and responsibility to and over the child. This can only be negated upon a parent being found to be harmful to the child. As far as the issue of the best interest of the child in relation to gay parenting is concerned, the law is not yet unified and therefore varies from one state to another. For instance gay parenting is prohibited in Florida but reconstructions are underway to recognize it in Alabama, Georgia, Ohio and Tennessee.The pro-gay parenting legal practitioners argue that it is better for a child to have a two parent family than a one parent one, and that it will be furthering the interest of the child since a two parent family can easily fend for the child’s needs than if the child had one or no parent at all. A case these lawyers have bro ught to the fore is the fact that there are presently (Clifford, Hertz, Doskow, Curry 2007)119,000 needy children in the US alone waiting to be adopted. Furthermore, they posit that children have more serious concerns than their parent’s sexual orientation.Discrimination against children raised by gay parents is not so far fetched compared to the discrimination encountered by gay parents. In America, this is not much of a problem compared to Australia where the parents are discriminated against in areas touching on taxation, social security, and workers’ compensation. The only case of discrimination against children with gay parents witnessed in Australia is limited to the peer groups and is always manifested in schools and in the neighborhood.This is because the Article 2 of the Convention of the Rights of the Child which was ratified in the 1990 sternly warns against child discrimination of any kind (Ricketts, 1991). Although some maintain that there is no strong bas is for the prohibition of the adoption by gay parenting, yet children rights and welfare agencies cite the child bearing studies on the other hand to maintain that children raised in heterosexual marriages thrive best emotionally, physically and mentally.They maintain that spates of violence are 2-3 times higher in homosexual marriages when compared to the heterosexual ones. In addition to this, they posit that homosexual marriages are always susceptible to dissolution with the normal gay marriage lasting 2-3 years and that homosexual activities are often marked with substance dependence, mental illnesses, suicidal tendencies and a shortened lifespan in comparison to heterosexual marriages.The proponents of same sex marriage and the adoption by the same sex parents have countered that these dysfunctions accrued by this group are as a result of the US socio-economic pressure, to which the opponents of adoption by the gay parents rebutted that the same pressure rests on the normative/ conservative form of marriage without yielding such results (Lerner and Nagai 2001). They further deliberate that children adopted or reared under the same sex marriage are highly vulnerable to sexual confusion, homo sexual behavior and premature sex.Nevertheless, it must be kept in mind that numerous strides have been made to entrench gay adoption and this has also produced gradual acceptance of the practice. A testimony to this is Florida which since 1977 had proscribed gay adoption but as per now efforts are in the offing to abrogate this law due to the push by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) on the Supreme Court. In the same vein, the 1997 ACLU fact sheet, â€Å"the gay parenting statistics† to confirm this discloses that approximately, 6-14 million children are living under gay parenting.This could still be an understatement since most gays and lesbians are always reserved about disclosing the structure of their families due to fear of losing children (Mc Gurry , 2003). These changing prospects can be attributed to the fact that the emphasis on traditional form of marriage is gradually waning, and the subsequent overturning of state laws to assimilate gay marriages is in force. A case in point is when the then president Bill Clinton, signed the Defense On Marriage Act (DOMA), thus giving way to same sex marriage in Hawaii (Rimmerman, Wald, Wilcox, 2000).Gay adoption is also growing because of the fast rate with which gay parenting is spreading. Gay parenting, apart from the normal procedure of adoption occurs when one partner pulls out of a heterosexual marriage while still maintaining the custody of a child and moves into a gay marriage or, through lesbians opting for an artificial insemination upon siring a child enters into an agreement with gay partners for adoption. The co-parent adoption occurs when one gay who has an adopted child with him moves in with a partner who automatically assumes the role of a co- parent.This practice is co mmon in Washington, District of Columbia, Vermont, California, Minnesota, Alaska, and Oregon (Tonnerson, Andenaes and Wintemute, 2001). As touching on the stability of the children, the children grow up healthy and well adjusted compared to those who have one or no parent at all. This scores highly with the concept of the best interest of a child since the child’s financial and material needs are met. Conversely, the children under gay adoption turn out successfully just as the ones under heterosexual care.The American Psychological Association (AMA), out of its research maintained categorically that there was no evidence that children brought under gay adoption and parenting were susceptible to maladjustment or that they turned out less intelligent or suffered low self esteem; neither was there a connection between homosexuality and pedophilia or direct influence in the child’s sexual orientation in future. On the contrary, the AMA observed that 90% of child sexual ab uses were carried out by heterosexual men (Baker, 2005).To further dispel the misgivings on gay adoption, both the parents who want to adapt a child undergo a screening procedure which is a meticulous exercise meant to filter out those who have less prospects of making good parents. The fact that many potential gay parents navigate successfully these enchanted waters is a testimony of the type of parents they would make. Bibliography. Baker P. Public Discourses of Gay men. Rutledge: United States, 2005. Clifford D. Hertz F. Doskow E. Curry H. A Legal Guide for Lesbian and Gay Couples. Nolo: United States, 2007. Lerner R. Negai A.No Basis: What studies don’t tell us about parenting. Marriage Law Projects /Ethics and Public Policy Center: United States, 2001. Mc Garry J. K. Fatherhood for Gay Men: Emotional and Practical Guide to becoming a gay dad. Haworth Press: United States, 2003. Ricketts W. Lesbians and Gay men as foster parents. Wendel/ Ricketts: United States, 1991. Rim merman A. C. Wald D. K. Wilcox C. The Politics of Gay Rights University of Chicago: United States, 2000. Tonnerson M. Andenaes R. Wintemute M. Legal Recognition of Same Sex Partnership: A Study of National and European Law. Hart Publishing

Woolworths Research Project - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 0 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Public Relations Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Woolworths Research Project" essay for you Create order

Heart of Darkness/Apocalypse Now Essay - 1782 Words

ENGLISH EXTENSION ESSAY – Heart of Darkness/Apocalypse Now The dark core of human nature has been a timeless notion, explored and extrapolated by many literary critics. Both the core text, Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and its film appropriation, Apocalypse Now directed by Francis Ford Coppola, ignite interest as to question whether humans are essentially creatures of dark nature when stripped down to bare essentials. When these are linked to values of greed and hunger for power and domination, these forces emerge through extreme characterization. Furthermore, through the manipulation of the setting, one can also see the dark forces are reflected in the surroundings. Under the guise of civilisation, the central characters pursue†¦show more content†¦The confusion in morality manifested in mentality changes can also be found through the driver of the boat seen in, That fool-helmsman, his hands on the spokes, was lifting his knees high, stamping his feet, clamping his mouth, like a reined in horse. The use of simile and animal im agery shows Helmsman losing his mind. Marlow describes Kurtz as being a gifted creature and of all his attributes, the one that stood out pre-eminently, was his ability to talk, his words--the gift of expression, the bewildering, the illuminating, the most exalted and the most contemptible, the pulsating stream of light, or the deceitful flow from the heart of an impenetrable darkness. Through the use of high modality language and asyndeton, Kurtz Ultimately, Conrad presents to the audience that one cannot simply go forth to dominate another culture and not be affected. This is highlighted in the end of the novel as Marlow sits in contemplation and comments, the uttermost ends of the earth flowed somber under an overcast sky--seemed to lead into the heart of an immense darkness. The use of pathetic fallacy leaves the audience with an unsettled feeling that is unresolved, as the ending leaves it up to the reader to make judgments. Apocalypse Now is the film appropriation of Heart of Darkness directed by Francis Ford Coppola in 1979. Similarly, the film indicts the AmericanShow MoreRelated Comparative Essay of Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now1050 Words   |  5 PagesComparative Essay of Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now The ties between Joseph Conrads book, â€Å"Heart of Darkness† and Francis Coppolas movie, â€Å"Apocalypse Now† are unmistakable. Apocalypse Nows correctness in following the story line of the Heart of Darkness is amazing although the settings of each story are from completely different location and time periods. From the jungle of the Congo in Africa to the Nung river in Vietnam, Joseph Conrads ideals are not lost. In both the bookRead MoreEssay Apocalypse Now / Heart of Darkness862 Words   |  4 Pages When Joseph Conrad sat down to write Heart of Darkness over a century ago he decided to set his tale amidst his own countrys involvement in the African Congo. Deep in the African jungle his character would make his journey to find the Captain gone astray. Over eighty years later Francis Ford Coppolas Willard would take his journey not in Afica but in the jungles of South Asia. Coppolas Film, Apocalypse Now uses the backdrop of the American Vietnam War yet the similarities between the ConradsRead More Comparing Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness   Ã‚   In the opening scenes of the documentary film Hearts of Darkness-A Filmmakers Apocalypse, Eleanor Coppola describes her husband Franciss film, Apocalypse Now, as being loosely based on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness. Indeed, loosely is the word; the period, setting, and circumstances of the film are totally different from those of the novella. Yet, a close analysis of character, plot, and theme in each respective work reveals thatRead More Apocalypse Now vs Heart of Darkness Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pages Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now lacks the impact of its inspiration, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. While the basic elements of imperialism and human nature remain intact, the characters of the film bare little resemblance to their literary counterparts. The film serves as a re-interpretation of Conrad’s novella, updated from 19th-century British imperialism in the Congo to a critique of 20th-century U.S. imperialism in Southeast Asia. Cop pola’s changes in setting and plot structure, howeverRead MoreHeart of Darkness vs. Apocalypse Now Essay816 Words   |  4 Pages In Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now, both Joseph Conrad and Francis Ford Coppola create similar statements through their creations as they both centralize their views upon the effects of environmental changes that affect the human condition. The film Apocalypse Now vaguely reflects a similar message pursued by Conrad’s novella, due to the difference in time period, place setting, and circumstances in which the film was created. Conrad wrote his novella during British colonization, focusingRead More Revealing the Heart of Darkness in Apocalypse Now Essay2178 Words   |  9 PagesRevealing the Heart of Darkness in Apocalypse Now Often a novel filmed as a movie departs from the original story, sometimes for better, sometimes for worse.   However, many great works of literature have inspired movies, and served as the basis for a great film, even though the film may approach the literature in a different way. Such is the case with Francis Ford Coppolas Apocalypse Now, which was inspired by Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness.   Coppola and the screenwriter, John MileusRead More Transformation in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesTransformation in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since Francis Ford Coppola’s   Apocalypse Now was based on Joseph Conrads novel, Heart of Darkness, it is possible to draw many parallels between the two works. Both can be interpreted as metaphors for a journey through the inner self, and each has its own particular message to convey. In many ways they also appear to have similarities to Arthurian Legend, in particular the quest for the holy grail, and other allegorical journeyRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast Heart of Darkness/Apocalypse Now1353 Words   |  6 PagesApocalypse Now, directed by Francis Ford Coppola, is the story of Captain Willards journey up the Nung River in Cambodia to kill a general, Kurtz, who has lost control of himself. It is set in the Vietnam War and is a very gritty and affecting film. Imagine my surprise when I learned that it was sort of based on Joseph Conrads famous novella, Heart of Darkness. Conrads book, the tale of the sailor Marlowes African adventure, is a study on the evils of colonialism. The two stories at first glanceRead More Light and Dark in Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesDark in Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness    In Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, Marlow chooses a brighter path than his counterpart in Francis Ford Coppolas Apocalypse Now, Capt. Willard. The two share in the duty of searching for and discovering Kurtz, as well as taking care of his memory, but their beliefs before encountering him place the characters at opposing ends of a theme. These opposing ends are light and dark, representing good and evil. In the opening pages of Heart of DarknessRead MoreHuman Nature in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesHuman Nature in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now In Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness and Francis Ford Coppolas Apocalypse Now the reader learns more and more about human nature as Marlow, Captain Willard, go farther and farther up the river in search of Kurtz. An evil side lies within every man, but this evil remains repressed by society. When moving up the river and farther away from civilization, the evil side begins to break out. Whenever basically different cultures meet

Persuasive Speech On Volunteering At The United States

Me to We† Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that volunteering in service to others will make them (the audience) happier and healthier people. Central Idea: We are part of the Millennial Generation, known as the â€Å"Me Generation†, and I want to encourage you to recognize our tendency to be self-focused, to step out to help others through volunteerism, and to recognize the benefits of volunteering in your life. Introduction â€Å"Millennials† is a term referring to people born in the United States after 1982. That would be all of us! I do not mind being called a Millennial, but I have a problem with the other term that is often associated with us – the â€Å"Me Generation†. Many people view us as the young folks who put their own needs first and focus on feeling good about ourselves. Now, don’t get me wrong – I am not saying that there is anything wrong with looking out for our own best interests and doing things that make us happy. What a miserable existence it would be to live a self-destructive lifestyle or one of never finding happiness in our lives! No! What I would like for us to think about for the next few minutes is how we can incorporate helping others in our quest for our own happiness. I want to explore the possibility that in volunteering, we can find true happiness and change the perception that we possess only self-involved qualities. Listen to what one â€Å"Millennial†, Paul Loughran, student at Queens University Belfast, had to say on volunteering: â€Å"WithoutShow MoreRelatedThe Power Of A Word Is Humongous1247 Words   |  5 Pagesknow how to use this weapon to make the world a better place. Persuasive writing is a form of writing the main purpose of which is to persuade readers that the writer’s opinion is correct. But how can you convince anybody through writing? What are the components of the persuasive writing? How is persuasive writing different from verbal persuasion? 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This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanicalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesincluding photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, must be arranged with the individual copyright holders noted. This special edition published in cooperation with Pearson Custom Publishing. 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Risk For Imbalanced Nutrition Less Than Body Requirements

Question: Discuss About The Risk For Imbalanced Nutrition Less Than Body Requirements? Answer: Introducation: Philippa is a 36-year old woman diagnosed with the left breast cancer that is metastatic. The metastases are in the lymph nodes of the left axilla, both the lungs and the liver. However, the primary lesion was removed by surgery three years ago but it was aggressively metastatic as it was related to BRACA1 gene. It was two months ago that she developed the axillary, hepatic and pulmonary metastases. She lives with Alice, who is her partner and two children, an 11-year-old girl known as Catherine and a 7-year old boy known as Geoffrey. At a multinational corporation, Philippa was working as a financial manager but ceased after the confirmation of the metastases. Following this, she had to resign from work. Philippas partner works from home as an interior designer but the condition of the partner is overwhelming demanding much time. She is the only person who can care for Philippa and the children. Philippa is experiencing symptoms and signs such as an itching skin, anorexia, abdominal swelling, fatigue, oral thrush, xerostomia, and shortness of breath on exertion. Alice helps in the management of these manifestations. Currently, Philippa is on medications as follows: Oral solution of Nystatin, 1ml after every six hours per day Metoclopramide 10mg after every 8 hours and has to be taken 30 minutes before having meals. 2 puffs of salbutamol inhaler four times per day. 10mg of prednisolone two times a day. Aim: The aim of this poster is to prioritise five nursing issues that arise from Philippas assessment and identify two most critical ones based on the severity as an effect to the patient and Maslows hierarchy of needs. Nursing issues: Ineffective breathing patterns Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements Risk for electrolyte and fluid imbalance Risk for impaired integrity of the skin Risk for complicated grieving (MacAvoy, Moritz, 2013) The two main nursing issues to be considered are; ineffective breathing patterns and imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements. Ineffective Breathing Patterns. The metastases from the primary lesion of the left breast reached Philippas left and right lungs. As such, both of them have cancerous cells that impair the respiratory function of the lung parenchyma. This is confirmed by Philippas shortness of breath on exertion, cough and dry mouth, oral thrush and fatigue, which result from ineffective breathing ("Respiratory System", 2015). The three major nursing issues that must always be assessed first even during resuscitation are the airway, breathing and blood circulation because they are essential for delivery of basic nutrients to the bodys vital organs such as the liver, the kidneys, the heart and the brain. Because Philippa has shortness of breath, the amount of air delivered to the alveoli is lower and subsequently, the vital organs will receive less oxygen (Bockov, Mare?kov, Zapletalov, 2015). This can be identified by taking the saturation rates of oxygen in the blood. Additionally, the impaired pattern of breathing triggers a physiological response that forces Philippa to breathe through the mouth. When oral inhalation is prolonged, further xerostomia shall be witnessed and mouth sores develop. Additionally, Philippa has oral thrush due to the xerostomia and reduced functions of the lungs. Prednisolone is prescribed to prevent further inflammation of the mouth and other parts of the body (Tanser, 2017). T he shortness of breath also causes a straining effect on Philippas diaphragm and the intercostal muscles. Consequently, she developed the fatigue as witnessed on assessment. Because the Philippas lungs are neoplastic due to the metastases, there is need to prioritise and stabilise her breathing because. e any further delay would lead to respiratory arrest and eventual death. Again, this is the reason she is on salbutamol inhaler to dilate her airway (Smith, 2012). Additionally, nystatin is given to prevent the spread of metastatic cells (Sambo, Tumia, Bradaschia, Pavat, Szymska, 2016). Risk For Imbalanced Nutrition, Less Than Body Requirements. Philippa is at risk of lacking vital nutrients such as glucose, electrolytes, proteins, vitamins, water among others in the body. Various reasons underlie this fact. First off, she has reduced appetite, a dry mouth and a swollen abdomen. Lack of appetite results in the refusal to ingest food and therefore, the absorptive sites of the gastrointestinal tract are less active. The body will not receive energy that is required for cellular respiration and other activities. Furthermore, water is not also taken. Water is vital for blood formation, dilution of toxins and excretion of substances through urine and faeces. Essentially, every body organ needs water for all functions. Again, Philippa has a dry mouth, indicating that saliva is insufficient (Hogan, Gingrich, 2014) The saliva is necessary for lubrication of food for easy peristalsis and digestion. Therefore, a dry mouth will not facilitate swift digestion. One of the major reasons the patient has fatigue is due to the loss of appetite and subsequent deficiency of energy in the body. Philippas swollen abdomen is due to the cancerous cells in the liver. As such, there is impairment of the hepatic functions of detoxification, haematopoiesis, bile manufacturing, clotting factor-formation, protein synthesis, storage and release of glycogen, production of immune factors, clearance of bilirubin among others (Patel, Abate, 2013). Bile salts play a vital role in emulsification and because Philippas liver has cancerous cells, this role is deterred in the duodenum (Heatley, 2013) . The swollen abdomen also may cause pain after eating because there is pressure in the hepatic portal vein that takes nutrient-rich blood to the liver resulting from hepatomegaly (Heatley, 2013) Nutrients play important roles in the body and should always be available to the body. For instance, the brain does not utilise any other form of sugars apart from glucose. If glucose is not available, then cerebral functions are impaired and may eventually cause coma (Lippincott, 2013) Moreover, these nutrients are needed to create energy that is used during movement, basal metabolic rate, cell division, immunity, cognitive functioning, increase in body size among others. Therefore, if they are not consumed, then all the above functions are affected and may lead to eventual death. Therefore, necessary and effective remedies need to be established to help Philippa regain the nutrients needed for her body to function effectively. For instance, a large-bow cannula can be introduced to administer Ringers lactate, glucose, and normal saline to the blood (Lippincott, 2013) Again, a nasogastric tube may be introduced to administer food supplements directly to the stomach. Conclusion Philippa was diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer that spread to the lungs, axillary lymph nodes and the liver. Additionally, she is currently on medications that are sustaining her. The major nursing issues identified in her case includes ineffective patterns of breathing, imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements, risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance, risk for complicated grieving and risk for impaired skin integrity. Much focus was on the patterns of breathing and imbalanced nutrition. Breathing is important for delivery of oxygen to the tissues. On the other hand, nutrients are vital for creation of energy, enhancing metabolic functions, body building, strengthening the immunity and other functions. Therefore, prompt and effective measures have to be taken to enhance Philippas functionality and battling of cancer. References Bockov, S., Mare?kov, J., Zapletalov, J. (2015). Content validation of the diagnosis Ineffective Breathing Pattern.Kontakt,17(1), e24-e31. Heatley, R. (2013).Gastrointestinal and hepatic immunology(1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 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